Parsing of contradictions and anti–dumping measures regarding subsidies to agricultural enterprises against WTO legislation

The subject of the study is the parsing of contradictions and anti–dumping measures regardingsubsidies to agricultural enterprises against WTO legislation.The purpose of the study is to determine the features and tools for considering contradictionsand anti–dumping measures regarding subsidies to agricultural enterprises against WTO legislation. Research methods. The article uses the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method ofanalysis and synthesis, the comparative method, and the method of data generalization.Results of the work. The article analyzes the contradictions that arise when applying anti–dumping and countervailing measures to agricultural products that receive state subsidies, from thepoint of view of compliance with the norms of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is studied hownational legislation aimed at protecting the domestic market from dumped imports clashes with WTOrules on subsidizing agriculture. Special attention is paid to the classification of subsidies (green box,yellow box, blue box) and their impact on the possibility of applying anti–dumping duties. Cases areanalyzed when anti–dumping measures actually eliminate WTO–allowed subsidies, creating unequalconditions of competition, and ways to resolve these contradictions are considered.The purpose of the study is to determine ways to ensure fair trade in agricultural products andavoid abuse of anti–dumping measures.Conclusions. Anti–dumping and countervailing measures applied to agricultural enterprises causesignificant controversy in the context of WTO law. Subsidies to the agricultural sector, common inmany countries, often become the subject of anti–dumping investigations and countervailing duties.The problem lies in the complexity of determining a «fair» price and proving the fact of dumping orthe presence of harmful subsidies. WTO agreements contain positions that allow the application ofsuch measures, but their interpretation and application often cause disagreements. Controversiesarise around the methods of calculating the dumping margin and the volume of subsidies, as wellas determining the cause and effect link between imports and the injury caused to local producers.Opacity in the application of methodologies and political pressure can lead to the abuse of theseinstruments, violating the principles of free trade defined in the WTO. Resolving these contradictionsrequires increased transparency and the development of clear, internationally agreed rules.