A Challenging Diagnosis of Atypical Ocular Syphilis: Unilateral Macular Photoreceptor Folding and the Importance of Clinical Vigilance

Abstract Ocular syphilis is a rare manifestation of Treponema pallidum infection, capable of affecting any part of the eye and causing serious complications, including irreversible visual loss. In recent years, an increase in syphilis incidence has been observed in various regions, bringing more attention to its atypical manifestations, such as ocular involvement. This article reviews the recent literature on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of ocular syphilis. Keywords: Syphilis; Treponema pallidum; Rare; Atypical; Visual loss