Forest Fires and Unscientific Mining: Their Environmental Impact in Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract : Human-induced alterations to ecosystems have significantly reduced the output of essential ecosystem services, affecting biodiversity and environmental stability. Rapid population growth has led to extensive land conversion for agriculture, industry, and urban expansion, increasing the demand for critical resources such as fresh water, fiber, and soil fertility. Activities like deforestation, large-scale agribusiness, illegal fishing and hunting, unregulated tourism, and pesticide contamination have further contributed to environmental degradation. This study focuses on the most prominent anthropogenic impacts in the study area, particularly forest fires and unscientific mining. These activities have caused severe ecological damage, leading to habitat destruction, soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The study examines the spatial, temporal, and socio-economic dimensions of these impacts, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable environmental management. By understanding these challenges, policymakers and stakeholders can develop strategies to mitigate environmental damage and promote ecosystem resilience.