Hybrid AC Microgrid using Solar, Wind, Battery, and Diesel Generator Integration for Enhanced Power Quality, Load Balancing, and Reduced Fuel Consumption

This paper presents a hybrid renewable energy-based AC microgrid system integrating a diesel generator, solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, and battery energy storage to enhance power quality, frequency stability, and power management efficiency. The proposed system aims to reduce the high operational cost associated with diesel generators by prioritizing renewable energy sources and utilizing a battery backup. Due to the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy, a DC–DC bidirectional buck–boost converter manages the battery storage, ensuring continuous power supply and effective load balancing during variable generation periods. The solar PV system is interfaced through a boost converter employing a Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, while wind energy conversion uses a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) with an MPPT-controlled AC–DC converter. To maintain superior power quality and frequency regulation within the microgrid, a cascaded Generalized Second-Order Integrator (C-SOGI)-based Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is implemented in the control scheme. With reduced dependence on the diesel generator, the system significantly lowers fuel consumption and emissions, contributing to both economic and environmental benefits. MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves overall system performance by reducing total harmonic distortion, enhancing dynamic response, and ensuring stable, cost-effective, and resilient operation under varying load and generation conditions.