Liposomes as Drug Delivery Vehicles: Insights into Development and Clinical Use

Liposomes are a novel nanostructure used for encapsulating and delivering bioactive agents. They can incorporate a variety of bioactive materials, such as cosmetics, food ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. The first type of nanomedicine to be licensed for clinical use was liposomes. The phospholipid bilayer encircles the empty water center of these spherical vesicles. medications' bio-distribution profiles are altered when liposomes are used for therapeutic administration, improving the medications' therapeutic index. These nano drug delivery systems are the subject of extensive research for a number of uses, including as the delivery of therapeutic genes and anti- inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer medications. A comprehensive overview of the history and development of liposomes is given in this bibliographic study, with particular emphasis on preparation techniques such as thin-film hydration, reverse-phase evaporation, ethanol injection, and innovative scalable procedures. This paper reviews the main physicochemical characteristics of liposomes, talks about how they are currently made, and investigates how they might be used as food nanotechnology carriers of nutrients, enzymes, and antimicrobials. We also look at their uses in biomedicine as gene delivery agents and medication carriers. This review also examines the benefits of integrating drugs into the lipid domain of vesicles.