Comparative Study on Effects of Intrathecal Tramadol or Dexmedetomidine with 0.5% Bupivacaine Heavy for Patients Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery

Introduction: Subarachnoid blocks are cost-effective, patient-conscious, and quick postoperative pain management methods. Spinal anesthesia is preferred for lower abdominal procedures due to its ease of administration. Research on extending spinal anesthetic duration with adjuvants like Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol aims to prolong benefits and reduce side effects. A prospective trial aims to evaluate these analgesic effects and postoperative analgesia. Aim: The study assesses the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and tramadol as adjuvants to 0.5% bupivacaine heavy in infraumbilical elective surgery, comparing sensory and motor blockage, analgesic duration, and hemodynamics. Material and Methods: The study was a hospital-based comparative observational study involving 80 participants aged 18-60 who underwent spinal anesthesia for a spinal procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A received Dexmedetomidine and Group B received Tramadol. The study involved pre-anaesthetic clinic evaluations, intravenous infusions, and monitoring for cardiac and respiratory parameters. Symptoms included illness, vomiting, itching, trembling, listlessness, low blood oxygen levels, and respiratory depression. Results: The study compared two groups of elective infraumbilical surgery patients at G.S. Medical College & Hospital in Hapur for 15-18 months. Both groups had similar characteristics, including higher age, lower AS level, and shorter procedure times. Results showed that both groups experienced similar systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, sensory block, and post-operative blocks. Discussion: A comparative observational study compared patients receiving 0.5% bupivacaine heavy, dexmedetomidine, or tramadol as an adjuvant over 15-18 months at G.S. Medical College & Hospital in Hapur. Both groups experienced a rise in systolic blood pressure and remained within a healthy range. Dexmedetomidine provided better sedation, while tramadol had common adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth. Conclusion: The combination of bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for spinal anesthesia prolongs analgesia duration, delays sensory and motor block onset, and provides stable hemodynamic outcomes, potentially referencing future research.