Natural and Herbal Approaches to Hypertension Management: A Review of Transdermal Patches Containing Various Herbal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds

Hypertension is a pervasive public health concern affecting millions worldwide, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Conventional antihypertensive medications have limitations, including side effects and variable bioavailability. Herbal medicines have gained attention for their potential in managing hypertension, with various plants demonstrating antihypertensive properties. This review discusses the current state of herbal antihypertensive drugs delivered through transdermal patches, highlighting their potential benefits and limitations.Seven herbal plants, including Rauwolfiaserpentina, Coleus forskohlii, Ocimum sanctum, Ginkgo biloba, Allium sativum, Zingiberofficinale, and Camellia sinensis, have shown promise in reducing blood pressure. Their bioactive compounds, such as reserpine, forskolin, eugenol, and catechins, have been found to possess antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Transdermal patch technology offers a novel approach for delivering these herbal compounds, enhancing their bioavailability and efficacy while minimizing side effects.This review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension, discuss the limitations of conventional antihypertensive medications, examine the potential of herbal medicines in managing hypertension, and describe the principles and advantages of transdermal patch technology. The current state of herbal antihypertensive drugs delivered through transdermal patches is also reviewed, including their formulation, evaluation, and clinical applications.