Caste Reservation in India and Its Impact on Society with Special Reference to the Constitution of India

This research critically examines the caste-based reservation system in India, focusing on its constitutional foundations, historical evolution, and socio-political implications. The study explores how reservation policies have influenced access to education, employment, and political representation among historically marginalized communities, such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). Drawing from constitutional provisions, judicial pronouncements, and empirical data collected through a survey, the paper highlights both the empowering role of reservations in promoting social justice and their limitations, including the perceived erosion of meritocracy and growing inter-group tensions. The paper also addresses the ongoing demand for inclusion of economically weaker sections (EWS) from the general category. Through a comprehensive legal and sociological analysis, the study proposes reforms aimed at ensuring more equitable and effective implementation of reservation policies while promoting national integration and social harmony.