Formulation And Evaluation of Tretinoin Nanoemulgel to Enhance Its Activity

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and optimize a nanoemulgel formulation of tretinoin (TRE) to enhance its topical delivery and therapeutic efficacy for dermatological applications, particularly in treating acne vulgaris. Methods: Tretinoin nanoemulsions were prepared using various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. The formulations were optimized through solubility studies, phase diagrams, and physical stability tests. The optimized nanoemulsion was incorporated into a gel matrix to form a nanoemulgel. Characterization of the nanoemulsion included particle size, zeta potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and drug content analysis. The gel was further evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The release kinetics were analyzed using different mathematical models. Results: The optimized nanoemulsion, consisting of castor oil, Tween 20, and PEG 400, showed a mean particle size of 53.15 nm and a zeta potential of -22.5 mV, indicating good stability. TEM analysis confirmed spherical to oval-shaped droplets. The nanoemulgel exhibited smooth consistency and good homogeneity without lumps. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release profile, fitting best to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. Conclusions: The nanoemulgel formulation of TRE significantly enhanced the stability and controlled release of the drug compared to conventional formulations. This novel formulation shows potential for improved therapeutic outcomes in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris, providing a promising alternative to existing treatments.