Comparative analysis of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of green synthesized nanoparticle and Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract

The Comparative analysis of the Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Silver nanoparticles and the Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract was carried out. Nanoparticle was synthesized using biological method and the synthesized nanoparticle was characterized for further confirmation using methods such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phytochemical Screening of the crude extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the nano extract was also carried out using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) in order to ascertain the biocomponents in the two extracts. Antimicrobial properties of the crude and nano extracts were analyzed using Spectrophotometric assay. The result of the Uv-Visible of the nano extract showed maximum light absorption at a wavelength of 420 nm. The EDX revealed 79.52% Ag (silver) and 20.48% O (oxygen). The microscopic studies gave agglomerated spherical silver nanoparticle with average size of 65.9 nm. The XRD result shows that the silver nanoparticle exhibits a polycrystalline face centered cubic (FCC) structure with an average crystallite size of 65.9 nm. The GC/MS result of the crude extract showed a total of fifteen (15) bio compounds with 4-amino-1,2 naphtoquinone (33.8%) being the highest and hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (0.36%) being the least in abundance. The GC/MS result of the nano extract showed a total of fifteen (15) organic compounds with Cis-vaccenic acid (46.3%) being the highest and Carbomethoxy vinyl methylamine and 6-octadecanoic acid (0.93%) being the least in abundance. The antimicrobial properties of the crude and nano extracts showed that nano extract exhibited improved antimicrobial potency against E.coli and Salmonella typhi compared to the crude extract.