TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF UMUADA IN IGBO SOCIETY AS ACTIVE BEACONS OF PEACE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

The Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria are characterized by a unique blend of patriarchal and republican principles, epitomized in the adage “Igbo e nwe eze” (the Igbo have no king). This phrase reflects their self-governance, yet it does not imply a society marked by lawlessness or a mere survival of the fittest. In traditional Igbo communities, various mechanisms are instituted to ensure that members adhere to established norms and values. The cultural and religious practices of the Igbo significantly influence their behaviours and foster peaceful coexistence. Actions that threaten social harmony or perpetuate oppression are vehemently rejected, while the promotion of peace and social justice is integral to their way of life. This is achieved through various institutions, such as the council of elders, masquerade cults, the Umunna (extended family groups), age-grade associations, and the Umuada (daughters of the community). These groups play a pivotal role in maintaining social order within Igbo society. This paper seeks to illuminate the role of the Umuada as a women's institution of social control, functioning as vital advocates for peace and social justice. It raises critical questions: Who are the Umuada? What is their role within traditional Igbo society? In what ways do they act as prominent agents of peace and social justice in Igboland? To address these inquiries, the paper employs a historical descriptive analysis, utilizing secondary sources, including archives, journals, online articles, and various internet resources, to explore the origins and history of the Umuada. It aims to establish their essential position as primary proponents of peace and social justice within the Igbo community.