A Comprehensive Review of Malvaviscus Arboreus Encompassing Its Botany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential

Malvaviscus arboreus is a perennial flowering shrub, which is also known as sleeping hibiscus. It belongs to the family Malvaceae and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in Australia, Asia, and Africa. The native of the plant was found to be Mexico and Central America. It is a small shrub which grows up to a height of 2-3m. The petals of the flowers are curled and are seen in two colours – red and pink. This review gives a detailed explanation regarding botanical characteristics, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological uses. This plant is rich in various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, fatty acids, sterols, and triterpenes. It was found that traditionally, the flowers and leaves of this species were used to treat various diseases like dysentery, nosebleeds, stomach pain, sore throat, and kidney diseases. Apart from traditional uses, the plant also exhibits various pharmacological uses like antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antifungal, anticancer, and anticonvulsant properties. This review suggests that M. arboreus is a promising source for developing plant-based medicines in the future.