The Hidden World Within: Insect Microbiomes and Agricultural Pest Management

Nature depends on insects for pollinating food, breaking apart decaying matter and supplying food. But some insects invade crops, which creates numerous problems for farmers and the economy. Though chemical insecticides have been used, they are a concern for both the environment and humans. Managing pests and preserving nature is being researched by exploring the insect microbiomes filled with bacteria, fungi and viruses. As electrophoresis, sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, and metagenomics have advanced, studies of microbiomes have also advanced. What we learn helps improve the ways we manage pests. In IPM, a mix of biological organisms, specially designed crops and cultural approaches, supported by microbiome answers, is used. With RNA interference, pest genes are blocked, which prevents them from reproducing. In SIT, scientists release sterile male insects so they will mate with wild female insects. The use of microbiome strategies is exciting, but there are still problems because insect microbiomes are so complex. In the coming years, scientists need to learn more about how these chemicals affect the environment and our well-being. Researchers, industry experts and policymakers must collaborate to make large-scale implementation happen.