Suicidal Tendencies in India - An Intensive Review

Abstract Suicide remains a pressing public health crisis in India, with complex socio-cultural, economic, and psychological underpinnings. It is a critical public health issue, with the country reporting one of the highest suicide rates globally. Despite legislative and community-based efforts, India continues to report high suicide rates, particularly among youth, farmers, and women. This review examines the epidemiology, risk factors, methods, vulnerable populations, and prevention strategies for suicidal tendencies in India, drawing on peer-reviewed studies and official reports. It comprises current evidence on suicidal tendencies in India, examining epidemiological trends, risk factors, cultural dynamics, and policy interventions. Key findings indicate a suicide rate of 12.4 per 100,000 in 2022, with significant regional variations and a stable male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Socioeconomic stressors, mental health issues, and cultural factors contribute to the high prevalence of suicidal behavior. The review highlights the need for a multidimensional approach, including improved mental health services, responsible media reporting, and a robust national suicide prevention strategy. Also highlights the gaps in mental health infrastructure, stigma, and systemic inequities while proposing integrated strategies for prevention