Built to spread, designed to stop: Exploring intrinsic biocontainment for self-sustaining gene drives

The development of self-sustaining gene drives poses unique challenges for biosafety, containment, and regulatory oversight. This article examines emerging intrinsic biocontainment strategies designed to limit the spread and persistence of low-threshold, homing-based gene drives. Focusing on controllable activation systems, synthetic target-site designs, and self-eliminating mechanisms, we explore their potential effectiveness and technical challenges. By addressing containment early in the design process, this review highlights pathways for safer and more responsible gene drive development. As a living literature review, this article will be updated as new relevant evidence emerges.