Enhancement of Concrete Properties Using nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review

Nanotechnology has become a key focus in advancing construction materials, particularly concrete. Incorporating nanomaterials like nano-silica, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and titanium dioxide into concrete mixtures enhances mechanical strength, durability, and environmental sustainability. This review explores how nanomaterials improve concrete properties, including reducing porosity, promoting hydration, and enhancing crack resistance. While these advancements hold great promise, significant challenges remain regarding cost, scalability, and safety. This paper reviews recent studies on the application of nanotechnology in concrete and discusses future directions in overcoming these challenges. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Concrete, Nano-silica, Carbon nanotubes, Durability, Compressive strength.