Sociocultural and Economic Determinants of Progress Towards Sus-tainable Economies: A Comparative Analysis Between the European Union and the Global South in the Post-COVID Context

This article examines the structural factors shaping progress toward sustainable economies through a comparative analysis of the European Union and regions of the Global South (Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia) in the post-COVID-19 context. It explores dimensions such as governance, inequality, education, culture, health, public safety, green technology access, and digitalization. Drawing on case studies and international data, the paper identifies patterns that explain progress or stagnation in sustainability. It highlights the importance of institutions, human capital, and social cohesion, as well as the need for international cooperation to achieve an equitable green transition. The article is part of the Sustainability Series and is published in open access to promote wide dissemination.