A Study on Mucin Histochemistry in Normal and Neoplastic Salivary Glands

Introduction: Neoplasms occurring in salivary glands are relatively rare accounting for 6% of all head and neck tumors. Due to their various histological characteristics in individual lesions, the existence of multiple types and variations, and overlapping histological patterns that resemble those seen in other tumour entities, salivary gland tumours are comparatively rare and present a significant diagnostic challenge. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can improve the accuracy and be a useful tool to investigate cases that cannot be evaluated by histological examination This study’s objectives are to evaluate the various mucin staining patterns in both normal and malignant salivary glands, as well as to investigate the types of mucins and variations in their expression. Methodology: Around 134 samples, comprising both normal and malignant salivary glands, were gathered throughout the study period. Slides coated with egg albumin were used to capture sections that were submerged in a tissue flotation bath. Stored for one to two hours at 60 degrees Celsius in an incubator before being stained. Alcian blue at pH 1 and pH 2.5, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Aldehyde Fuchsin (AF), Combined PAS-AB, and Mucicarmine (MUC) were the staining agents utilized. Results: Therefore, sialomucin was the most common mucin found in pleomorphic adenoma sections. Sulpho mucin was therefore the most common mucin found in mucoepidermoid cancer. The pseudocystic spaces and hyaline-like regions in adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for all stains showing both sulpho and sialo mucins. Five acinic cell carcinoma revealed that they were positive for all stains, with a preponderance of sialo and sulpho mucins. Conclusion: The goal of the current study was to investigate mucins and comprehend how they are expressed in both healthy and malignant salivary glands, not to categorize or discuss the nature of classification. The current study leads to the following conclusions. As the tumor becomes more malignant, the expression of mucin changes. Mucin histochemistry is helpful in assessing the malignant potentiality of tumors. Pattern/Type of mucin expression can be used as an adjunct in differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Mucin histochemistry can be used in cases, which are difficult to diagnose, by routine H&E staining.