The Role of Smart Grids in Enabling Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy: A Review

The increasing reliance on sustainable renewable streams sources like sun and ultraviolet electricity, a lot of problems regarding grid stability, reliability, and efficient energy distribution have been created. Modern power networks can now seamlessly integrate large-scale renewable energy sources, thanks to smart grids, which have emerged as gamechanging technologies. In order to address the issues brought on by obtainable from renewable resources' sporadic nature, this paper critically examines smart grid solutions like demand responses and the Innovative metering function System, distributed energy resources, and energy storage systems. Case studies from different nations show best practices and lessons learnt for improving grid efficiency and resilience. In closing, the paper addresses research directions and future trends in the development of smart grids, alongside a focus on innovative technology like blockchain, IoT, and next-generation grid topologies. The results highlight the need for smart grids in attaining a future with decentralized, dependable, and sustainable energy.