Formulation and Evaluation of Nano Emulsion from Curcumin for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa Linn., possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and therapeutic properties. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, and low systemic bioavailability due to rapid metabolism. This study aimed to develop a curcumin-loaded nano emulsion to overcome these limitations and enhance its stability and effectiveness, particularly for topical applications. Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol/methanol from turmeric rhizomes sourced from Koregaon Bhima, Pune, India. The nano emulsion was formulated by incorporating the curcumin extract into an oil phase, followed by high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication. The final formulation was evaluated for physical appearance. The nano emulsion exhibited a uniform yellow colour, smooth texture, mild herbal odour, and good spreadability. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed an average particle size of 127.01 ± 2.34 nm, and the zeta potential ranged from -38.8 mV to -34.9 mV over a three-month period, indicating high electrostatic stability. The pH remained within a slightly acidic range (5.8–6.0), ideal for skin compatibility. Viscosity measurements (48.6 ± 1.5 cP) supported ease of application. No phase separation or significant particle size change was observed during centrifugation and temperature stability tests (4°C, 25°C, and 40°C), demonstrating the formulation’s physical and chemical stability. These results suggest that the developed curcumin nano emulsion is a promising candidate for safe, effective, and stable topical drug delivery.