The relationship between dental caries and vision impairment based on the DMFT Index: A literature review

Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationship between dental caries and vision impairment, specifically in individuals assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. The research focuses on identifying the prevalence of dental caries, factors influencing oral health, and the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals in maintaining good oral hygiene. Methods: A literature review method was employed to gather data from international scientific journal articles accessed through databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Keywords used for the search included "Dental Caries", "Vision Impairment", and "DMFT". Only articles published in the last ten years (2015-2024) were considered. The selected studies were analyzed to draw conclusions regarding the oral health status of visually impaired individuals. Results: The review found a consistently high prevalence of dental caries among individuals with visual impairments, with mean DMFT scores ranging from 1.23 to 2.71. Contributing factors include difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, limited access to dental care, lack of awareness about proper brushing techniques, and dietary habits such as frequent snacking. Gender differences were noted, with female participants generally showing poorer oral health outcomes. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant oral health challenges faced by visually impaired individuals, including a high prevalence of dental caries. Interventions focusing on education for both caregivers and patients, improved access to dental care, and preventive measures such as fluoride toothpaste use are crucial. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing these challenges to improve the quality of life and health outcomes for visually impaired individuals.