Pemphigus Foliaceus: A Rare Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Pemphigus (from the Greek "Pemphix" meaning blister) foliaceous is an auto immune illnesses in which autoantibodies attack certain hemidesmosome proteins, resulting in blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. Whereas the epidemiology of pemphigus varies by ethnicity and there are 21.7 cases per million people worldwide each year. A 57-year-old male patient presented with a six-month history of pruritic, erythematous plaques and crusted erosions on the scalp, face, chest, and upper back. Clinical examination revealed multiple well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with overlying crusts and scales. Histopathology showed sub corneal acantholysis, and direct immunofluorescence revealed intercellular IgG and C3 deposits in the epidermis. Indirect immunofluorescence detected circulating autoantibodies against desmoglein1. Based on clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and immunofluorescence studies, a diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus was confirmed. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine. Significant improvement was noted within two weeks, and follow-up talk about how to effectively handle Pemphigus foliaceus with early detection and immunosuppressive medication. Even if the illness might be recurrent and persistent, the right care can significantly improve the situation. For the best patient outcomes and management, interdisciplinary care is crucial.