THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

Industrial enterprises play a significant role in national and global economies through job creation, production, and technological advancement. However, their development often leads to considerable environmental externalities, such as pollution, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process is vital for systematically evaluating and managing these externalities. From an economic standpoint, EIA protects the environment, helps avoid hidden costs, promotes resource efficiency, and enhances industrial projects' long-term profitability and sustainability. This article outlines the methodology of EIA, focusing on its economic dimension and highlighting the assessment of environmental costs, benefits, and economic risks associated with industrial development.