A Rare Case of Multiple Intracerebral Hydatid Cysts in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report with Emphasis on Surgical Precision

Abstract: Background: Intracerebral hydatid disease is a rare manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus infection, particularly in pediatric populations. The presence of multiple cerebral cysts poses significant diagnostic and surgical challenges. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of multiple intracerebral hydatid cysts in a 7-year-old girl from Faryab Province, Afghanistan, who presented with progressive neurological symptoms, including headache, left-sided weakness, and anisocoria over an eight-month period. MRI revealed multiple well-defined cystic lesions in the brain. Surgical intervention was carried out at a neurosurgical center in Mazar-i-Sharif, where the cysts were successfully removed intact using a saline-assisted technique, avoiding rupture and preventing anaphylaxis. Postoperatively, the patient recovered remarkably, regaining motor function within three days. Albendazole therapy was administered to prevent recurrence. Conclusion: This case highlights the effectiveness of meticulous surgical planning and execution in the management of multiple intracerebral hydatid cysts. Combined with postoperative antiparasitic therapy, such an approach can lead to excellent clinical outcomes, even in resource-limited settings. The case contributes to the limited literature on this rare condition and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and tailored surgical strategies.