CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF VIRAL PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY INFLUENZA A VIRUSES: MAIN ASPECTS OF ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

In the last ten years, there has been an increase in hospitalization of patients with viral pneumonia, especially in the autumn-winter period. The most common pathogens are influenza A and B viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, and picornaviruses. Influenza A and B viruses are the main cause of community-acquired viral pneumonia, reaching 40-70% during an epidemic. From 02/24/2025 to 03/02/2025, 9,048 patients with ARVI complications, including influenza, pneumonia, and COVID-19, were admitted to the hospital. The purpose of the research is the analysis of articles and materials over the past ten years describing the complicated course of influenza A, namely the development and fate of community-acquired viral pneumonia, with an emphasis on etiology and pathogenesis. In Ukraine in 2017, the incidence was 384.0 cases per 100,000 adults, which is 19% higher than in 2016. Since the beginning of the flu season in Ukraine (January 2025), 25 deaths due to complications have been registered. According to data as of February 26, 2025, the incidence increased by 20%: from February 17 to February 23, 2025, 249,344 people fell ill, including 141,372 children. From September 30, 2024 to February 23, 2025, 2,718,757 cases of viral infections were registered. Viruses cause a primary inflammatory reaction, leading to a violation of gas exchange and the development of ARDS. Diagnosis of viral pneumonia requires X-ray, CT examination and laboratory confirmation.