THE STATE AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TURBULENCE: NEW MODELS OF COOPERATION AND COMPETITION

The article explores new approaches to state–transnational corporation (TNC) relations in the context of rising geopolitical instability and the fragmentation of the global economy. It analyzes how conflicts, trade wars, and sanctions are transforming international economic relations and reshaping cooperation and competition models between states and TNCs. The study highlights the practices of the United States, China, and the European Union in involving TNCs in implementing strategic economic programs and reducing dependence on external actors. Key trends such as reshoring, the strengthening of state intervention, and the rise of new forms of state capitalism are outlined. The article concludes that state–TNC interaction is one of the critical factors contributing to the stability of the global economy during geopolitical turbulence.