Out-of-Pocket Health Expenses During Post-Reform Period in India: A Survey of Recent Research

This study is based on recent reviews on out-of-pocket health expenses in India during the post-reform period. With the economic liberalization and subsequent reforms, there have been significant changes in healthcare financing, leading to a rise in out-of-pocket expenditures. This paper critically examines the patterns, causes, and socio-economic implications of these expenses by reviewing recent literature. By analyzing the findings from various studies, the research highlights the persistent challenges faced by the Indian population, especially the poor, in accessing affordable healthcare. The study also evaluates the impact of government policies, insurance schemes, and healthcare privatization on out-of-pocket costs. The findings suggest that despite efforts to improve access to healthcare, out-of-pocket expenses remain a significant barrier to equitable healthcare in India.