Radiological Imaging in A Rare Case of Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome: A Case Report

Abstract Sweyer James MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), also known as unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome, is a rare pulmonary disorder characterized by unilateral hypoplasia or agenesis of the pulmonary vasculature, typically affecting one lung. This results in reduced perfusion and subsequent air trapping, leading to unilateral hyperlucency on chest radiographs. Clinical presentation varies widely, often presenting asymptomatically or with recurrent respiratory infections in childhood. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical history, imaging studies (such as chest radiography, CT scan, and ventilation-perfusion scans), and pulmonary function tests. Management focuses on symptomatic relief, including treatment of infections and pulmonary rehabilitation. In this report, we present a case of 14-year-old girl presented with a three-day history of fever and cough with sputum with previous history of severe pulmonary infection. Diagnosing early is vital for long term survival and increasing quality of life. Chest radiograph and computed tomography of this case showed a right hyperlucent lung with diminished vascularity. Due to its rarity and severity, Swyer-James syndrome requires meticulous diagnosis and individualized treatment. Patients with this disease require a holistic approach to treatment, as shown in the case study. The respiratory health and quality of life of people with Swyer-James syndrome can be greatly enhanced with prompt diagnosis, efficient therapy, and continuous monitoring. We must prioritize ongoing research and raise clinical awareness to better understand and treat this uncommon lung condition. Stable pulmonary function improves with time; therefore, most patients have a good prognosis.