Dry Eye Disease Management in Primary Care: Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

Objective: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder that affects the ocular surface, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and reduced quality of life. Its global prevalence is increasing due to aging populations, digital screen usage, and environmental changes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for DED, with a focus on primary care settings. Methods: An evidence-based analysis of current literature on DED was conducted, highlighting practical strategies for diagnosis and management suitable for primary care physicians, who often lack access to advanced diagnostic tools. Results: Family physicians play a critical role in the early detection and management of DED. Symptom-based diagnostic methods and first-line treatments such as lifestyle modifications, artificial tears, and anti-inflammatory therapies are practical and effective. Timely referrals to specialists are essential for managing complex or refractory cases. Conclusion: By increasing awareness and adopting evidence-based strategies, primary care physicians can significantly reduce the burden of DED on patients’ quality of life. Enhancing diagnostic and management capabilities in primary care is crucial for addressing the growing prevalence of this condition.