The Availability of One Textbook per Subject in Basic Education and the Academic Performance of Pupils: The Case of Rural and Urban Primary Schools in the Centre Region of Cameroon

This study examines the role of the availability of one textbook per subject as a major weapon in effectively managing the learning and teaching process in rural and urban schools of Cameroon. The policy, implemented by the Ministry of Basic Education, aims to address persistent challenges related to textbook productivity, availability, affordability, and usability in primary schools. It particularly focuses on its effects on key stakeholders, with an emphasis on pupils’ academic performance in urban and rural schools within the Yaoundé VI subdivisions of the centre region. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, incorporating a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire based on a four-point Likert scale and open-ended questions. In addition, interviews were conducted with three members of the National Textbook Commission. Respondents included textbook authors, officials from the Ministry of Basic Education (MINEDUB), head teachers, classroom teachers, parents, and class six pupils. The study sampled 254 participants from a parent population of 300 across both urban and rural areas in the Mbankomo and Yaoundé VI subdivisions. Eight primary schools were selected, comprising four public schools (two urban, two rural), two private schools, and two mission schools from both settings. Data were analyzed using factor analysis. Hypothesis testing revealed a statistically significant relationship between textbook availability and academic performance, with a p-value < 0.05 and a beta coefficient (β = 0.570), indicating a moderate positive correlation. The null hypothesis was rejected, confirming that textbook availability significantly influences academic performance. The government’s “one textbook per subject” policy was well received by stakeholders. However, there is a strong recommendation to extend its implementation to underserved suburban and rural areas, ensuring textbooks are both accessible and affordable across all regions of Cameroon.