Oral Ecosystem and its Impact on Systemic Wellness - A Narrative Review

Abstract The oral micro biome is one of the important and considered to possess the second most complex micro-biota in human body, oral bacteria may be linked or serve as biomarkers for certain systemic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer, diabetes type, pediatric Crohn's disease, heart disease, and low weight, preterm birth. Every human possesses completely distinctive web of micro biota that is primarily determined by one’s DNA.In case of any disruption in that balance along with infectious illnesses, certain diets, stress, environmental exposure as we age or extended use of antibiotics —DYSBIOSIS occurs, the body may become more susceptible to disease. A poly microbial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix and adhered on living and nonliving surfaces named biofilms can regulate numerous processes via quorum sensing which is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that synchronizes gene expression in the biofilm. The EPS matrix of oral biofilm helps in biofilm growth and maturation. The bacteria residing inside the biofilm are protected from various environmental stresses, such as desiccation, attack from antimicrobial agents by the immune system, and ingestion of protozoa. Oral gut micro biome axis, bi-directional interaction is important to immune signaling however, the act of traveling bacteria can lead to dysbiosis where compounds like proteases and molecules like endotoxin and leukotoxins are produced potentially affecting the immune system and contributing to the onset of disease states. The purpose of this study examines the relation between oral microbiota on systemic wellness. The research explores how dysbiosis in the oral ecosystem might trigger or exacerbate conditions affecting systemic conditions like – obesity, cardiovascular conditions, diabetes and insulin resistance.