Challenges and Innovations in English Language Teaching in Schools in India

AbstractEnglish Language Teaching (ELT) in India plays a crucial role in shaping students’ educational and professional trajectories. As a former British colony, India has inherited English as a legacy, and over time, it has become alanguage of opportunity, upward mobility, and global engagement. English serves as both a medium of instruction and a bridge to higher education and employment. However, ELT in Indian schools faces persistent challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of trained teachers, outdated pedagogical practices, and socio-economic disparities. These barriers often hinder effective language acquisition, limiting students' ability to compete in a globalized world. Despite these challenges, innovative solutions are emerging to transform ELT in India. The integration of technology, learner-centered methodologies, and multilingual approaches are gradually improving Englishlearning outcomes. Digital tools such as language learning apps and online platforms help bridge the resource gap, particularly in rural areas. Additionally, activity-based and communicative learning strategies are gaining traction as effective alternatives to traditional rote learning methods. This paper critically examines the key challenges in ELT within Indian schools while highlighting emerging innovations that have the potential to enhance English education. By analyzing both obstacles and opportunities, this study contributes to the discourse on improving ELT in India. While disparities in access to quality education persist, the adoption of modern teaching techniques and policy reforms offers hope for a more inclusive and effective English language education system.Keywords: English Language Teaching (ELT), multilingual education, teacher training, digital learning tools, communicative language teaching