Review on Importance of Freshwater Fishes in Human Nutrition

Abstract Freshwater fishes play a crucial role in global nutrition, providing a rich source of essential, minerals, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and proteins. As a readily accessible and cost-effective source of high-quality nutrients, they are especially important in developing countries, where they contribute significantly to food security and improve the nutritional status of populations. This review examines the nutritional value of freshwater fishes and their critical role in combating global malnutrition. It also compares the environmental sustainability of freshwater fish production with that of terrestrial protein sources, highlighting its relatively lower ecological footprint. Additionally, recent advancements in aquaculture technologies are discussed, showcasing their potential to address the growing global demand for fish products while ensuring sustainable production. However, the sector faces significant challenges, including overfishing, habitat degradation, and the adverse effects of climate change, which threaten the sustainability of fish stocks. These issues necessitate the implementation of sustainable management practices to protect aquatic ecosystems and ensure long-term fish availability. The review also underscores the importance of innovation in sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices to enhance food security and preserve the environmental integrity of freshwater habitats. By addressing these challenges, freshwater fish can continue to be a key player in the fight against malnutrition and in meeting the nutritional needs of the global population.