THE ROLE OF STANDARD CYTEGENETIC TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignant disease characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis . Most patients with AML have various cytogenetic and molecular genetic lesions that are combined with certain biological and clinical features of the disease . Approximately 50–60% of patients de new and 80–95% of patients with secondary AML have chromosomal changes. It should be noted that structural cytogenetic aberrations are the most common markers and occur in approximately 40% of AML cases de novo . A fairly large group of patients with a normal karyotype (NC-AML), formally classified as intermediate risk, is extremely heterogeneous in terms of prognosis of the disease course. The current prognostic classifications of AML today include only some mutations characterized by a known prognostic value, in particular t (8 ; 21) , NPM 1 and BRAF.