Role of GIS and Remote Sensing in Analysing Land Use and Demographic Changes in India

Abstract In India, rapid land use transformations driven by urbanization, agricultural intensification, and industrialization are accompanied by significant demographic changes, including rural-urban migration and population growth. The complexity and scale of these changes necessitate the use of advanced technologies like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, which allow for precise monitoring and analysis of spatial patterns and temporal trends. This paper explores how GIS and remote sensing have been utilized in India to study and understand land use and demographic shifts, focusing on their applications in urban planning, environmental conservation, and policy formulation. Case studies demonstrate their effectiveness in analysing urban sprawl, agricultural transitions, and the impact of migration on land use. The paper also discusses challenges related to data availability, technological barriers, and the integration of these tools into governance. The findings underscore the critical role of GIS and remote sensing in enabling sustainable development and informed decision-making.