THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE THEORIES OF REALISM AND LIBERALISM IN THE DEVELOPMENTS OF UKRAINE, ANALYSIS BASED ON THE THEORY OF DEFENSIVE REALISM AND OFFENSIVE REALISM

Abstract In the framework of realism paradigm, the main goal of countries is not international security and global governance, but national survival. The school of realism considers security as the highest goal. In aggressive realism, international chaos is a strong incentive for states to maximize their relative power. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the principles of aggressive realism and Putin's doctrine in the Ukraine crisis, which is based on reducing security threats. Three key issues 1- The ineffectiveness of liberal international institutions 2- The logic of power 3- The chaos of the international system can be seen in the aggressive behavior of the Russian president in the Ukraine crisis. The main goal of the Russian president is to turn Russia into a regional hegemonic power, and the goal of the West and the European Union is to expand NATO eastwards in the form of a policy of restraining Russia and preventing it from becoming a major regional power. According to the theory of liberalism, economic cooperation reduces military conflicts, and if Russia were to integrate into the world economy, it would not act aggressively and would not violate international laws. But this country has not had the political and economic capacity to integrate and expand its economic partners with the West. The West believes that democratic values are considered a threat to Russia's political structure. Western policy is based on the values of liberalism and the software in which NATO has expanded; According to the theory of liberalism, international sanctions and global cooperation have isolated Russia and weakened its political and military prestige and economic power.