Comprehensive Insights into Cor Triatriatum: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Strategies, and Management Options

Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac malformation characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane that divides one of the atria into two distinct chambers, impeding normal blood flow. It is typically classified into Cor triatriatum sinister, affecting the left atrium, and Cor triatriatum dexter, involving the right atrium. The condition arises from aberrant embryologic development, with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe heart failure or cardiogenic shock in neonates and infants. Advances in diagnostic imaging, particularly echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have improved our ability to identify and characterize this anomaly. Surgical correction remains the definitive treatment, though minimally invasive techniques are emerging as viable options for selected patients. This article aims to provide a detailed review of the etiology, anatomical variations, pathophysiological impact, diagnostic approach, and both traditional and novel management strategies for Cor triatriatum. Additionally, the article discusses prognostic factors and the role of long-term follow-up in optimizing patient outcomes.