The Role of the Jihad Leaders Shaykh Abd Al-Allah B. Foduye and Sultan Muhammadu Bello in Promoting Ethical Values in Tasawwuf Under Sokoto Caliphate

This study explores the significant contributions of Jihad leaders, Shaykh Abd al-Allāh b. Foduye and Sultan Muhammadu Bello, in promoting ethical values in Tasawwuf (Islamic spirituality) within the Sokoto Caliphate. This research seeks to address this gap by examining their teachings and strategies in fostering moral excellence under the Sokoto Caliphate. To analyze the ethical teachings of Shaykh Abd al-Allāh b. Foduye and Sultan Muhammadu Bello in the framework of Tasawwuf. To assess how these teachings influenced governance and societal behavior in the Sokoto Caliphate. To highlight the enduring legacy of their efforts in promoting ethical standards within the context of Islamic spirituality. The study employs a qualitative method of data collection, analyzing primary sources such as the writings of Abd al-Allāh b. Foduye and Muhammadu Bello, alongside secondary sources like historical accounts and scholarly analyses. Interviews with scholars of Islamic historand Sufism provided additional insights into the practical application of their teachings. Both leaders emphasized key ethical principles derived from Qur’anic and Prophetic traditions, including sincerity, humility, justice, and accountability. Muhammadu Bello incorporated Tasawwuf ethics into administrative practices, promoting just leadership and equitable resource distribution. Their teachings reformed the educational system to include moral training alongside Islamic jurisprudence, fostering a generation of morally upright leaders. Encourage dialogue between Sufi scholars and policymakers to address contemporary ethical challenges. The efforts of Shaykh Abd alAllāh b. Foduye and Sultan Muhammadu Bello in promoting ethical values through Tasawwuf were instrumental in shaping the moral fabric of the Sokoto Caliphate. Their teachings provide timeless lessons in ethical governance, spirituality, and societal reform. Reviving these principles in the modern context can address contemporary ethical challenges and inspire moral leadership globally.