Study of Common Congenital Renal Anomalies

Background: Congenital anomalies are not uncommon; some remain asymptomatic, while the same lead to considerable morbidity and early death. Method: 90 congenital renal anomalies were observed in pregnant women during an ultrasound study. A 2-5 MHz sector or linear transducer is used to scan the urinary tract. The kidneys are scanned in the transverse and coronal planes. Results: Out of 90 fetuses, 70 (77.7%) were male, 19 (21.1%) were female, and 1 (1.1%) was ambiguous. Age of mother was 30.2 (± 5.80) range between 20-42. The major anomalies were hydronephrosis: 22 (24%) bilateral, 17 (18%) right, and 15 (16%) left; 11 (12%) multi cystic dysplastic kidney disease; 6 (6.6%) renal agenesis; 6 (6.6%) congenital poly cystic kidney disease; 3 (3.3%) pelvic kidney; 2 (2.2%) echogenic kidney; and 2 (2.2%) renal dysplasia. Conclusion: Congenital renal anomalies are commonly encountered on ultrasound imaging studies. Despite dramatic improvements in MRI, CT, and nuclear studies, sonography continues to occupy a central role in the evaluation and detection of congenital renal diseases due to its advantages of rapid scanning time, lack of radiation exposure, cost-effectiveness, and easy feasibility.