THE EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL STATE OF THE SUBSTANCE ON THE THERAPEUTİC EFFİCACY OF DRUGS

In recent years, several directions of biopharmaceutical research have been identified in pharmacy: studying the role of pharmaceutical factors, absorption conditions, biotransformation, biological affinity and its determination methods, development of methods for identifying drugs in biological fluids, investigation of drug pharmacokinetics, and determination of clinical effects. One of the main objectives of biopharmaceutics is to study the physical state of substances, which plays a crucial role in the therapeutic significance of drugs. In the past, insufficient attention was given to the physical state of substances during the development, production, and prescription of drugs. However, experimental clinical studies have revealed that the effectiveness, absorption, distribution in the body and tissues, and concentration of a drug depend on the type of dosage form, administration route, and the physical properties of its components. This is because the physicochemical state of a drug substance significantly affects its biological activity. From a biopharmaceutical perspective, the physical state of a substance includes polymorphism, particle size, aggregate state, crystal form, and surface properties of raw materials, which are justified by electrophysical, optical, and other characteristics. These factors can be the cause of the therapeutic non-equivalence of drug formulations or their adverse effects. The physicochemical state of a drug substance significantly affects its biological activity. Therefore, research in this field is essential and highly important.