"OPTIMIZING STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF RCC, STEEL, AND TIMBER COMBINATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING"

The construction industry continually evolves by integrating different materials to enhance structural performance, sustainability, and cost efficiency. This review examines the comparative study and performance evaluation of composite Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), steel, and timber materials used as structural columns and beams. The study explores the mechanical properties, structural behaviour, and economic feasibility of these materials in multi-storey buildings, bridges, and seismic-resistant structures. Various literature sources highlight the benefits of composite structures, emphasizing their enhanced load-bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation. RCC structures offer economic and durability advantages, steel structures provide high strength and flexibility, and timber structures contribute to sustainability with a lower carbon footprint. The study also discusses advanced analysis methods, including finite element modeling, response spectrum analysis, and experimental investigations, to assess structural performance under different conditions. The findings suggest that composite construction offers a balanced solution, leveraging the strengths of each material for improved performance and cost-effectiveness.