ASSESSMENT OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PATIENTS OF AL- NAJAF GOVERNORATE

Thyroid dysfunction is increasing globally, and diabetes mellitus remains one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders. Thyroid hormones directly regulate insulin production and clearance, while thyroid dysfunction can affect both the hypothalamic regulation of TSH release and the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, especially in diabetic patients. This study focuses on assessing thyroid dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Al-Najaf province. Eighty participants were included in the study. Their levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), and total triiodothyronine (T3) were measured to evaluate thyroid dysfunction. Plasma glucose levels were quantified using the GOD-POD method, and thyroid profiles were determined using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technology. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, employing unpaired T-tests and Pearson's correlation. The study found that among the type 2 diabetes patients, there were 4 cases of hypothyroidism (10.0%), 6 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (15.0%), 0 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.0%), and 1 case of hyperthyroidism (2.5%). In contrast, among healthy individuals without diabetes, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 1 (2.5%), subclinical hypothyroidism was 3 (7.5%), while hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were both 0 (0.0%). The findings indicate that thyroid dysfunction is more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without the disease.