Design and Features of a Single-Story Building Model Utilizing Waste Materials

The construction sector is one of the most extensive industries globally and is often linked to significant greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. Despite its environmental impact, construction remains essential, necessitating the adoption of sustainable practices. This study introduces a single-story building model that integrates waste materials to minimize the ecological footprint of construction. The proposed design includes a strip foundation with a concrete mix where recycled concrete partially replaces conventional aggregates, cement hollow blocks infused with granite waste as an alternative to traditional blocks, and a roofing system made of insulated sandwich panels utilizing wood-plastic composites. To evaluate structural performance, the building model was subjected to loads exceeding its design capacity, with deflection measurements taken to ensure compliance with building codes. Thermal efficiency was assessed by monitoring interior and exterior temperature variations over seven days, with hourly data collection. Additionally, both short-term and long-term cost assessments were conducted, along with a carbon emissions analysis, where emission values from literature were applied to material quantities used in different construction elements. The results indicated that using Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) with Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC) facings, in combination with hollow-block cement walls, enhances cost efficiency and thermal insulation over time. This leads to lower energy consumption, reduced life-cycle costs, and diminished carbon emissions. Overall, the proposed system presents a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional reinforced concrete structures by incorporating recycled materials, reducing environmental impact, and promoting eco-friendly construction practices.