Floating In Situ Gels for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS): Advances, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential

Administering medications orally to target specific areas of the gastrointestinal tract can be challenging due to low effectiveness with traditional forms of medication, which is caused by incomplete drug release and a short amount of time for the drug to be absorbed. To address this issue and increase the oral uptake of these medications, new methods for delivering drugs have been created. Gastroretentive systems like floating systems, mucoadhesive, high-density, expandable, have been created to offer controlled drug delivery with extended time in the stomach. Liquid oral medications are more likely to have low bioavailability in stomach-specific drug delivery compared to other oral forms, because they pass through the stomach and duodenum more quickly. To create a long-lasting release version of a liquid medication, a liquid in-situ floating gel system could significantly improve the oral formulation. Gel formation relies on factors such as temperature changes, pH adjustments, the existence of ions, and exposure to ultraviolet light, leading to the gradual and regulated release of the drug. This detailed article includes methods, substances, products on the market, patents, natural methods, and recent developments of in situ gel.