Aquasomes: A Novel Carrier for Drug Delivery

This method is known worldwide for nanoparticular carriers referred to as aquasomes. Aquasomes are the type of nanoparticles and made up of three-layered self-assembled structures, consisting of a solid-phase nanocrystalline core covered with oligomeric film, biochemically active molecules that are typically absorbed with or without modification. Aquasomes are a nano-biopharmaceutical carrier device consisting of a particle center made up of a nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or a ceramic diamond surrounded by a polyhydroxy oligomeric film. Aquasomes are spherical in form containing 60–300 nm particles used for drug and antigen distribution. Their characteristics are that they shield and maintain delicate biological molecules, conformation integrity, and surface visibility, allowing aquasomes to be a good carrier mechanism for unique sites for bio-active molecules such as peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens, and genes. Three types of core materials are primarily used for the processing of aquasomes: tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramic (diamonds), and brushite (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Brushite is unstable, and it is converted to hydroxyapatite when stored for a long time. Calcium phosphate is the core that is naturally present in the body. As a result, hydroxyapatite appears to be the better core for aquasome preparation. It is primarily used in the preparation of implants for drug delivery. Drug delivery via aquasomes is facilitated by precise targeting, molecular shielding, and a slow, sustained release process.