New Avenues in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review

An autoimmune condition with a complex pathophysiology and complicated etiology is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Repeated monotherapy in RA is often linked to severe side effects, medication resistance, and insufficient efficacy. As a result, combination therapy is now more common in clinical practice. Low selectivity to arthritic joints, short half-lives, and different pharmacokinetics across linked medications are some of the challenges that conventional combination therapy faces. A unique chance to create a sophisticated combination treatment for RA is presented by emerging nanotechnology. First, it enables the co-administration of several medications with improved physicochemical characteristics, regulated release profiles, and targeted delivery capabilities. Second, it makes it possible to create therapeutic nanomaterials, which broadens combination regimens to incorporate multipurpose nanomedicines. Last but not least, it makes it easier to create multimodal nanoplatforms that combine imaging, phototherapy, and sonodynamic therapy. As a result, nanotechnology presents a viable way to overcome the present obstacle in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. The justification, benefits, and most recent developments in nano-enabled combination therapy for RA are outlined in this paper. Drug-drug interactions, safety issues, and the possibility of clinical translation are also covered. It also offers design advice and a forecast for upcoming advancements in combination therapy enabled by nanotechnology. In order to facilitate the seamless transfer of research findings from the lab to clinical practice, this study aims to fully comprehend the mechanics behind combination therapy for RA and unleash the full potential of nanotechnology.