A Comprehensive Review On Complexities And Directions Of Drug Delivery Using Transdermal Patches

The transdermal route of drug administration using films is one of the promising approaches for delivering therapeutic agents, which has benefits like the longer-lasting release, fewer systemic side effects, and increased patient compliance. To maximize the safety and efficacy of transdermal film formulations, it is mandatory to understand and resolve various issues associated with this drug delivery system. Overcoming the skin's barrier properties to enable drug penetration, guaranteeing drug stability in the film, reducing skin irritation and sensitization, attaining consistent drug release, delivering precise dosage, improving patient acceptance and adherence are major challenges. Strategies developed to address these issues includes, the use of barrier coatings and stabilizers to protect drug stability; formulation of medications with skin-compatible excipients to reduce irritation; use of nano-emulsions, micro-needles, and vesicular carriers to enhance drug permeation; use of precise manufacturing techniques to achieve precise dosage and consistent medication distribution; etc., Patient acceptance and adherence can be enhanced by patient-centric strategies like the development of thin, flexible and discrete films as well as the provision of clear instructions and educating materials. Hence, in the presence of an existing knowledge bank and well-designed strategies, various issues encountering can be resolved and therapeutics can be delivered more efficiently through transdermal route using patches.