Oxytrigona cagafogo

Oxytrigona cagafogo (Müller, 1874) (Figures 3A, C, E) Trigona cagafogo Müller, 1874: 31, syntypes (whereabout unknown) from Santa Catarina, Brazil. Comments. The name “caga-fogo” was largely used as the vernacular name of species in the genus when Müller (1874) adopted it for Trigona cagafogo, also providing a formal description of the species. However, no namebearing specimen was indicated in the original description, although it is known that Hermann Müller described the association between the bees and aphids was based on specimens from Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil (Müller 1873). The formal description of the bee was posteriorly based on queens, males, and workers at Lippstadt, that were likely obtained from the same region by Fritz Müller (Müller 1873, 1874). To date, the whereabouts of the specimens studied by Hermann Müller are unknown. Still, these specimens were not actively searched for in recent history, and the type series may still be deposited in German collections. Therefore, I refrain to designate a neotype until a proper revision of the genus and its type specimens is carried out. Should further searches in German collections fail to locate syntypic material, it would be appropriate to designate a neotype to definitively fix the concept of the species. The name O. cagafogo was considered as a junior synonym of O. tataira (Smith, 1863) by Ducke (1910) and Schwarz (1948). However, the species occurring in southwestern Brazil is remarkably different from the species from Ceará and western Pernambuco, where the types of O. tataira were collected (Carvalho et al. 2023). Oxytrigona cagafogo is, therefore, resurrected from synonymy and considered as a separate species distributed alongside the Atlantic forest in Brazil, occurring from Misiones and Santa Catarina to southern Piauí. Diagnosis. Characterized by the mesosoma predominantly black, with lighter head and metasoma; and marginal cell brown infumate (Figure 3E). Differently from O. banana and O. tataira, the mesepisternum and mesoscutum are entirely black, covered with black long setae (Figure 3A); and the decumbent setae of mesoscutum are dark brown and become simple posterior to anterior tegular level. Differently from many species of the genus, the vertex, hind tibia, and basitarsus have black setae. As in O. banana and O. tataira, the hind basitarsus is relatively broad, with a strongly curved dorsal margin, with the posterior distal corner somewhat rounded towards a curved distal margin (Figure 3C). Tiny setae on T3 margin <0.3 MOD. Variation. A few specimens from Bom Jesus, Piauí, have a brownish spot on the mesoscutum medially. These specimens can be differentiated from O. banana sp. nov. and O. tataira by the lack of branched setae at the tegular level on the mesoscutum. Even though most of the specimens examined have the metanotum completely black, a few specimens from northeastern Brazil exhibit a light brown or yellow metanotum medially. Distribution. Northeastern Argentina and Brazil (see Table 1), mainly in the Atlantic rainforest. Examined material. ARGENTINA. Misiones. DZUP: ♀ “Pto Bemberg,\Misiones\ 2.xi.1952 \ J. Nunes ”. BRAZIL. Bahia. DZUP: 2 ♀ “Agua Preta\ III-1945 \Baia Br.”; 2 ♀ “BARREIRAS - Bahia \ Brasil medio\April 14,1949\ Th. Dobzhansky l.”; ♀ “ Brasil, Bahia, 20km ao S\de Livramento do\Brumado, 11.xi.1976,\8-12, C. Elias & E. Elias,\mato secundário local\seco”; 6 ♀ “Itaparica\BA\Pe.J.Moure”; 2 ♀ “ JEQUIE - BA\ Brasil 10-VIII 64 \ C. ELIAS,-LEG”; RPSP: 8 ♀ “ Brasil, Bahia, Salvador\12°53’.S;38°23’W\ 12/02/2000 \ M.A. Batista leg”; 16 ♀ “Brasil, Bahia, Salvador\12°53’.S;38°23’W\ 26/02/2000 \M. A. Batista leg”; 7 ♀ “ Brasil, Bahia, Salvador \12°53’. S;38°23’W\ 28/02/2000 \ M. A. Batista leg”; 13 ♀ “ Brasil: BA \ Salvador \Sítio Moça Branca\ M.A.Batista \ 22.II.1999 ”; 8 ♀ “ Catu-BA-Brasil \ 09-VII-1994 - Alves leg.\08.nv.Tataira”; ♀ “Santo Antonio\ Cocos - BA, Brasil \ 44°40’W, 14°8’S \24,27- VII-1995 \ Mazucato, leg”; SEMC: 3 ♀ “ SALVADOR, BAHIA \ BRAZIL \ VI-1954 \ N.L.H.KRAUSS ”; UnB: ♀ “ BRAZIL: BA \Boipeba\ A. Raw Oct.1966 ”; 2 ♀ “ BRAZIL: BA \Reserva Serra\Bonita 800 m \ A.Raw 5.3.2004 ”; Distrito Federal. UnB: 2 ♀ “ Brasil, DF, Planaltina,\-15.5617, -457.7792,\ 990m 15.x.2021,\ AJCAguiar, MMCarvalho \& CMNTeixeira ”; Espírito Santo. DZUP: 6 ♀ “ AFONSO CLAUDIO-ES \ BRASIL 14/7/1966 \C.T. & C. ELIAS ”; 5 ♀ “B.Guandu-ES Brasil\ 24-31.viii.1970 \Tadeu & Elias col”; 77 ♀ “ BAIXO GUANDU E.STO.\ BRASIL 1-8/VIII/70 \C. & C. T. Elias leg.”; 4 ♀ “ Brasil, Espirito Santo,\ Linhares, 18-23.vi. \1973, C. Elias leg.”; 2 ♀ “COLATINA - ES\Brasil 25-IV-64 \C. ELIAS, LEG”; 11 ♀ “ CONC. DA BARRA-ES \BRASIL- 25/9/1969 \C.T. & C. ELIAS ”; ♀ “ CONCEICAO DA BARRA \ES-BR 15-21/X/68 \C.& C.T. Elias leg”; ♀ “ CONCEICAO DA BARRA \ES-BR 15- 22-28/X/68 \C.& C.T. Elias leg”; ♀ “ CONCEICAO DA BARRA \ES-BR 1-6/VII/68 \C.& C.T. Elias leg”; 2 ♀ “ FUNDAO-ES \ Brasil 4 - III - 64 \ C. ELIAS,-LEG”; ♀ “ GUARAPARI-ES \ Brasil XI-61 \ M. Alvarenga ”; ♀ “ ITAPINA - E.SANTO \ BRASIL 18-23/XII/67 \ C.T.Elias leg.”; ♀ “ Itapina - ES Brasil \ 16-21.XI1970 \ Tadeu & C. Elias col”; ♀ “ LINHARES-ES \ Brasil I-62 \ C.Elias leg.”; 10 ♀ “ Parque Sooretama \ LINHARES Esp Santo\ BRASIL V-1953 \ P.A.Teles col.”; 12 ♀ “Parque Sooretama\LINHARES Espirito Santo \ BRASIL III-1953 \ Pedro Almeida Teles ”; 7 ♀ “ S.J.Petrópolis-ES \ Brasil 12-II-64 \ C.ELIAS leg”; 2 ♀ “SANTA LEOPOLDINA\ Jetiba-ES \BRASIL- 11/3/1966 \ Claudionor Elias ”; ♀ “ Santa Teresa \ES-Brasil-64\ 5-IV C.Elias ”; 11 ♀ “ STA TEREZA - E.STO \ BRASIL 23-31/V/67 \C.& C.T. Elias leg”; 2 ♀ “ Sta. TERESA-ES \ Brasil 4-V-64 \ C.ELIAS leg”; 12 ♀ “ Sta. leopoldina ES\ Brasil 4-III-64 \ C.ELIAS,-LEG”; 17 ♀ “ Sta.TERESA-ES \ Brasil 28-III-64 \ C.ELIAS,-LEG”; 5 ♀ “ Vargem Alta - ES\ Brasil 04/09/1992 \ J.N.C.LOUZADA ”; 2 ♀ “VIANA - BRASIL \ES - 5/7/1966 \C.T.& C. Elias ”; MZUSP: 2♀ “ SãoMateus,\Esp.Santo, Brasil \ 9.II.1965 \ M.A.Bzitski-col. ”; RPSP: ♀ “EBM,StaCRUZ,ES\ 09.07.1998 \ S.Miranda col.”; ♀ “EBM-Rod.010\km 3 - Santa Cruz\ES-Brasil-1998\ A. Rusché leg.”; 4 ♀ “ São João de\Petrópolis - ES \Brasil-X-1998\ H.P.Faria Junior ”; SEMC: ♀ “ BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Mun.\ Linhares, Faz. Lagoa do Macuco\ 19°03.833’S 39°58.717’W 10m \ 27-I-2000 F. Genier & S. Ide ex.\ carrion trap 1, day 1, primary\lowland Atlantic forest, sandy sol\BRA1G00 027”; 7 ♀ “ BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Mun.\ Linhares, Faz. Lagoa do Macuco \ 19°03.833’S 39°58.717’W 10m \ 27-I-2000 F. Genier & S. Ide ex.\ carrion trap 3, day 1, primary\lowland Atlantic forest, sandy sol\BRA1G00 043”; 17 ♀ “ BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Mun.\ Linhares, Faz. Lagoa do Macuco \ 19°03.833’S 39°58.717’W 10m \ 27-I-2000 F. Genier & S. Ide ex.\ carrion trap 4, day 1, primary\lowland Atlantic forest, sandy sol\BRA1G00 044”; ♀ “ Parque Sooretama \ LINHARES Espirito Santo \ BRASIL III-1953 \ Pedro Almeida Teles ”; UENF: ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 07-08h 1°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 08-09h 1°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 10-11h 3°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; 5 ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 11-12h 1°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; 5 ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 11-12h 2°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; 2 ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/ X/2019 C. canephora 12-13h 2°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; 3 ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 13-14h 1°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; 2 ♀ “ Brasil ES Alegre \ 20°52’04.8”S 41°28’39.0”W \ 06/X/2019 C. canephora 13-14h 2°\ Hautequestt leg. Proj. CNPq/Abelha”; Minas Gerais. DZUP: 56 ♀ “ Aimorés - MG\ 01-07.IV.1970 \ C.Elias & Tadeu ”; 3 ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ 15km SE Riacho dos\Machados area de\cerrado 12.iv.1998 \ G.A.R. Melo ”; ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\Corinto, 1-15.vi.1979 \ C. Elias leg”; ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ São Francisco, viii.1985 \ C.Elias leg”; ♀ “ ITUETA - BRASIL \MG - 13/7/1970 \C.T. & C. Elias ”; ♀ “Local: Florestal-MG \Data 25/07/85 \Col. G. Melo ”; ♀ “Local: Gov. Valadares-MG \Data 27/06/85 \ Col. G.Melo ”; ♀ “Local: Janauba-MG \Data 24/09/85 \Col. G.Melo ”; ♀ “Local: Montes Claros-MG \Data 27/05/85 \ Col. G. Melo ”; ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\Marilac, 28.XII.1994 \ Gabriel A. R. Melo \ Cabeceira do Bugre,\(42°10’W, 18°30’S)\Área de mata. 500 m ”; 8 ♀ “ PASSOS MG\ Brasil V 1981 \ C. Elias leg.”; MZUSP: 2 ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\Parque Estadual São\Gonçalo do Rio preto,\ ix.2008; Aguiar, Martins,\ Gillung cols.”; 2 ♀ “ Morro da Garça \ MG - Brasil \ 18 - 20. X. 1964 \Exp. Dept. Zool.”; RPSP: 9 ♀ “ Brasil: MG, Cantagalo \ -18.589700, -42.66230 \ 24. vi.2022. M.M.Carvalho ”; 15 ♀ “Conego Marinho\MG. Brasil\ 20-VIII-1990 \Nereo F. Vieira”; ♀ “ JUIZ de FORA \ MG Brasil \SF-23,43-22,d-X\1977\ A.Amaral leg.”; 74 ♀ “ Lontra - MG - Brasil \ 44°18’W 15°6’S \17, 18, 19-III-1988 \ M.MaZucato leg”; 6 ♀ “ Mandaçaia MG \Brasil- 18-VII-1990 \ 42°43’W, 16°57’S \ M. MaZucato leg.”; 4 ♀ “ Rio Preto \ MG Brasil \SF-23,43-23-e-IX\ A. de Souza leg.”; 30 ♀ “São Romão, 83 km NW\ Rio Conceição - MG \ BRASIL 10.VIII.2006 \ M. Mazucato leg.”; 2 ♀ “ Unaí - MG \ Faz. São Paulo \ Brasil 12.III.2009 \ M. Mazucato leg.”; 3 ♀ “ Unaí, Minas Gerais,\ BRASIL 14.II.2008 \ Camargo, Mazucato leg”; UnB: 3 ♀ “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ Parque Estadual São\Gonçalo do Rio preto,\ ix.2008; Aguiar, Martins,\ Gillung cols.”; Paraná. DZUP: 4 ♀ “ ALEXANDRA-PR \ Brasil 7-XI-65 \ Mitchell e Graf ”; ♀ “ Brasil, Paraná, Morretes,\ Rio Sagrado de Cima,\ 25°33’37”S,\ 48°48’57”W, 29.iii.2002,\ G. Melo & A. Aguiar ”; ♀ “ Brasil, PR, Porto de Cima \ 25°25’S, 48°52’W \ 30.XII.1999, F. Zanella ”; 3 ♀ “ Paranaguá-Pr \ 16-VII- 955\ R.Lange ”; MZUSP: ♀ “17.382\ Piraquara ”;