Polynema Haliday 1833

POLYNEMA Haliday, 1833 (Figs 266–270) Polynema Haliday, 1833a: 268; 1833b: 347. Type species: Ichneumon flavipes Walker, 1846, by subsequent designation by Huber & Bouček, 2001: 281. See Huber et al. (2020) for generic synonyms and their type species. Polynema (Polynema) Haliday, 1833. First use of nominate subgenus by Triapitsyn & Fidalgo, 2006: 57 (key). Diagnosis. Face without subantennal sulcus ventral to each torulus, with or without pit medial to torulus (depending on subgenus) and toruli separated by up to 2× their own height from transverse trabecula (Fig. 266a); vertex usually without pits outside ocelli; fore wing without lobe posteriorly (Fig. 268) so wing not or barely narrowing beyond venation, its posterior margin straight or almost so; propodeum with median carina of varying length or without one; petiole attached posteriorly to gt 1. Remarks. Polynema belongs to the Polynema group of genera. Polynema is identified by elimination, i.e., in not having the features of the other genera in the group. The only genera it is easily confused with are Agalmopolynema, Palaeoneura (itself not well defined) and Quasipalaeoneura. All three subgenera of Polynema occur in the region: Polynema (Doriclytus), Polynema (Dorypolynema), and P. (Polynema). Triapitsyn & Fidalgo (2006) keyed and discussed the three subgenera they accepted at the time and indicated that the distinction between Polynema (Dorypolynema) and P. (Polynema) was not as clear as between P. (Doriclytus) and P. (Polynema). Neotropical hosts. Hemiptera: Cicadellidae. Important references. Fidalgo (1989), Triapitsyn & Fidalgo (2006), Triapitsyn & Aquino (2010).