Study of Risk Factors for Severe Acute Malnutrition with Respect to Clinical and Demographic Profile

Background: Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age. Understanding the clinical and demographic factors contributing to SAM is crucial for effective prevention and intervention strategies. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to identify key clinical and demographic risk factors associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition in children aged 6 to 59 months. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital and its affiliated community health centers CAIMS, Karimnagar. A total of 110 children diagnosed with SAM, based on WHO criteria, were enrolled. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire addressing demographic profiles, clinical histories, and household characteristics. Statistical analyses included bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to determine independent risk factors for SAM. Results: The study found that low parental education, large family size, and low socioeconomic status were significant demographic risk factors for SAM. Clinically, a history of recurrent infections, poor immunization coverage, and inadequate breastfeeding practices were strongly associated with SAM. Multivariate analysis indicated that recurrent infections and low socioeconomic status were the most significant predictors of SAM. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both clinical and demographic factors play a crucial role in the development of SAM. Public health interventions should focus on improving maternal education, enhancing healthcare access, and promoting optimal feeding practices to reduce the incidence of SAM and improve child health outcomes.